The end-effector also defines the hazard
A gripper can release a load; a tool can cut, weld or eject material. The transported workpiece changes the swept volume and can create trapping points against structures. Assessment includes these conditions and coordination with conveyors or tables.
Energy sources and fault states do not end at the robot either. A stop signal must produce the intended response in equipment whose continued operation could maintain the hazard.
Distinguish tasks and modes
Automatic production, teaching positions, incident recovery and maintenance are different situations. Each task requires identification of who needs access, where, and with which energies or movements present.
Production commonly uses Machine guards and protective devices to separate people from hazards. Where interaction is needed, the solution must be designed and validated for that task; opening a door or informally reducing speed does not make the cell collaborative.
Access, exit and restart
Interlocking devices and the control system must prevent exposure incompatible with the selected mode. Assessment also covers someone remaining inside, visibility from the reset position, and the ability to leave or obtain help.
Procedures explain entry and return to service. Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) applies where an intervention requires energy control. Training must cover the specific hazards of the tool and peripheral equipment.
Example: replacing the gripper
A hypothetical cell receives a longer gripper for a new product. Although the robot is unchanged, the combination may reach an enclosure or trap a hand at a different position. Review revisits paths, loads, access and protective functions.
Records retain the assessment, configuration and tests of the installed combination. A video of normal operation is not equivalent evidence. Validation must address intended tasks and relevant abnormal conditions before use is authorised.
Fault recovery deserves its own task assessment: locating a displaced component or confirming a position may draw someone into a location not occupied during normal production. Plan how that observation will be made and avoid diagnostic arrangements that depend on uncontrolled entry into the movement envelope. Recovery instructions should address the complete cell, including peripheral machinery.
