A solid can also contaminate the air
Crystals or a solid material do not mean that emissions are absent. Naphthalene can enter the air, and heating or handling changes the scenario. Assessment identifies whether it is present as a substance, a mixture component or a process contaminant. A trade name and characteristic smell cannot quantify exposure.
Effects relevant to prevention
ILO/WHO describes red blood cell damage, with possible haemolytic anaemia, and notes that effects can be delayed. NIOSH lists blood disorders, irritation and other signs of poisoning. Chronic effects also need review against current information. Diagnosis requires healthcare professionals and cannot be inferred from one symptom reported at work.
Identify critical tasks
Opening containers, handling product, cleaning and waste are observed, alongside any operation involving heat. Assessment must include storage in small spaces and the presence of other people. When measurements are taken, the method must represent the anticipated exposure forms and actual conditions. A sample collected far from the source may not describe personal exposure.
Prevent inhalation and contact
Reducing open quantities, containment and process-appropriate ventilation are considered. Dermal exposure requires measures to keep product off hands, clothing and shared surfaces. Protection is selected for the specific formulation. Air fresheners or masking agents do not control the substance or make its assessment easier.
Storage and combustibility
Naphthalene must be kept away from oxidisers and ignition conditions. Physical form and dust generation are considered when reviewing fire risk and cleaning. Containers and waste need suitable identification and closure. Residues must not be mixed with other products without knowing their compatibility, or removed using improvised heating procedures.
Investigation example
In a hypothetical example, a storage area retains a persistent smell even when nobody is working there. Packaging, temperature, ventilation and personnel movement are reviewed, and exposure is checked using an appropriate method. Action targets the source rather than getting the team accustomed to the smell. Records make it possible to verify that improvement continues after several material replenishments.
