How augmented reality differs from virtual reality
Virtual reality places a person in a digitally generated setting. Augmented reality retains the real environment and adds digital content through a screen, mobile device or headset. The EU-OSHA glossary describes this distinction.
A visual guide may identify a component or display contextual information, but it must not be confused with a physical barrier or a certified safety system. The meaning, source and limits of each indication must be clear. The apparent precision of an overlay does not guarantee that it matches the equipment or its current state.
Potential uses in training and operations
Potential uses include recognising equipment parts, consulting an approved sequence, supporting an inspection or enabling remote assistance. In training, it can connect an explanation with a real component and help people practise identification under controlled conditions.
Suitability depends on the task. Adding information to the field of vision does not improve every job. Compare the solution with simpler alternatives, such as signs, accessible instructions or design changes. If the aim is to reduce exposure, first consider whether it can be eliminated or controlled by means that do not depend on interpreting a screen.
Risks that must be assessed
Consider distraction, obscured signals, shifts of attention between screen and environment, visual workload, device fit and sustained postures. Lighting, noise, movement, cleaning and compatibility with protective equipment also matter.
Test what happens with outdated instructions, incorrect equipment identification, delays or loss of connection. A remote assistant may not see everything happening around the user. Assessment must incorporate actual conditions and user participation, without assuming that a successful demonstration will be replicated throughout a shift.
Designing a pilot and deciding whether to continue
- Select a limited task and a verifiable objective.
- Check the content, version and equipment identification.
- Test the device under controlled conditions with representative users.
- Observe errors, attention demands and the need for assistance.
- Define criteria for stopping use and an available alternative.
- Validate changes before expanding the scope.
Completion time is an indicator, but not the only one. Include errors, understanding, ability to perceive the surroundings and reported discomfort. Avoid designing a test in which users must choose between following a digital instruction and maintaining a safe condition.
Information, recordings and responsibility
Some devices capture images, voice or location. Define whether recording is necessary, who has access and for how long. The GDPR requires a purpose and lawful basis, as well as appropriate measures. The technical ability to record an activity does not justify storing an entire shift.
In Spain, introducing technology must be considered in risk assessment and training under the Occupational Risk Prevention Law (LPRL). Keep displayed instructions and work authorisations under control. Digital assistance does not replace professional competence, the approved procedure or the protective measures necessary to perform the task.
Hypothetical example: identifying inspection points
A company tests an application that displays inspection points on stopped equipment. The pilot compares the augmented guide with a conventional checklist and checks whether people correctly identify each point without losing awareness of their surroundings.
A test shows that visual recognition confuses two equipment versions. Use is restricted and an additional identity check is introduced before instructions are displayed. The solution is expanded only when operating conditions and controls have been shown to be suitable. If identification fails, the alternative procedure is used; work does not continue on an approximation.
